Landscape Architecture

Fabricate ENVIRONMENT The term constructed condition alludes to the human-made environmental factors that give the setting to human movement, going in scale from structures and stops or green space to neighborhoods and urban areas that can frequently incorporate their supporting foundation, for example, water gracefully, or vitality systems. The constructed condition is a material, spatial and social result of human work that consolidates physical components and vitality in structures for living, working and playing. It has been characterized as â€Å"the human-made space in which individuals live, work, and reproduce on an everyday basis†.The â€Å"built condition envelops places and spaces made or changed by individuals including structures, parks, and transportation systems†. As of late, general wellbeing research has extended the meaning of â€Å"built environment† to incorporate solid food get to, network gardens, â€Å"walkabilty†, and â€Å"bikabil ity†. Early ideas of manufactured conditions were presented a great many years prior. Hippodamus of Miletos, known as the â€Å"father of urban planning†, created Greek urban areas from 498 BC to 408 BC that made request by utilizing matrix designs that mapped the city.These early city designs in the end offered route to the City Beautiful development in the late 1800s and mid 1900s, propelled by Daniel Hudson Burnham, a reformist for the Progressivism development who effectively advanced â€Å"a change of the scene pair with political change†. The exertion was in organization with other people who accepted that decorating American urban communities would improve the ethical compass of the urban communities and urge the high society to go through their cash in urban communities. This beautification procedure included parks and structural plan. Present day manufactured environmentCurrently assembled conditions are regularly used to portray the interdisciplinary fi eld that tends to the structure, development, the board, and utilization of these man-made environmental factors as an interrelated entire just as their relationship to human exercises after some time (as opposed to a specific component in disconnection or at a solitary second in time). The field is for the most part not viewed as a conventional calling or scholarly order in its own right, rather drawing upon regions, for example, financial matters, law, open arrangement, general wellbeing, the executives, geology, plan, innovation, and ecological sustainability.Within the field of general wellbeing, fabricated situations are alluded to as building or revamping territories with an end goal to improve the community’s prosperity through development of â€Å"aesthetically, wellbeing improved, and naturally improved scenes and living structures†. Urban arranging The term â€Å"urban planning† demonstrates that a great part of nature we possess is man-made and that t hese fake environmental factors are so broad and firm that concerning the utilization of assets, squander removal, and gainful venture, they are like organisms.Public wellbeing In general wellbeing, manufactured situations allude to physical conditions that are structured with wellbeing and health as necessary pieces of the networks. Exploration has shown that how neighborhoods are made can influence both the physical movement and emotional well-being of the communities’ occupants. Studies have demonstrated that manufactured conditions that were explicitly intended to improve physical action are connected to higher paces of physical movement, which thusly, decidedly influences health.Neighborhoods with greater walkability had lower paces of weight just as expanded physical action among its occupants. They additionally had lower paces of wretchedness, higher social capital, and less liquor misuse. Walkability highlights in these areas incorporate wellbeing, walkway development , just as goals in which to walk. Moreover, the impression of a walkable neighborhood, one that is seen to have great walkways and availability, is connected with higher paces of physical movement. Evaluations of walkability have been finished using GIS programs.One such program, Street Smart Walk Score, is a walkability appraisal device which decides separations to markets and different luxuries, just as network and crossing point recurrence utilizing explicit locations. Appraisals, for example, Street Smart Walk Score can be used by city and province arranging divisions to improve existing walkability of networks. General wellbeing likewise addresses extra segments of constructed conditions including â€Å"bikeability† and solid food access, for example, closeness to supermarkets and network gardens.Bikeability alludes to the entrance that a zone has allowed to safe biking through numerous bicycle ways and bicycle paths. Both walkability and bikeability have been refered to as determinants of physical movement. Access to solid food is additionally a significant segment to the constructed condition. A higher thickness of accommodation stores has been related with weight in youngsters. Conversely, improved access to network general stores and farmer’s markets is related with lower overweight status. Explicitly in low salary neighborhoods, the nearness of a nearby market is related with lower BMI/overweight risk.Community gardens are likewise viewed as a piece of the fabricated condition, and have been appeared to expand products of the soil admission among planters. Researchers state that network gardens have additionally been appeared to have positive social and mental effects that lead to bring down degrees of stress, hypertension, and an improved feeling of wellbeing, influencing the general soundness of the individual and the network. The crossing point of general wellbeing with different orders is obvious in the structure procedure of manufa ctured situations which incorporates ecological arranging, strategy improvement and land-use planning.Research recommends that individuals are progressively dynamic in blended use networks or those that join retail and private and thickly populated zones just as those with great road availability. The individuals who liked to walk and live in walkable situations frequently have lower heftiness rates and drive less over the individuals who favored living in auto-subordinate conditions. The quality of the proof for diminishing stoutness through condition has been featured by the Center for Disease Control in its Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention Project, which incorporates proportions of solid food get to and physical action environments.Landscape engineering In scene design, the fabricated condition is comprehended to mean a human-made scene, as recognized from the indigenous habitat; for instance, a city park is a manufactured situation. Indigenous habitat The common habitat envelops all living and non-living things happening naturally[->0] on Earth[->1] or some locale thereof. It is a situation that envelops the communication of every single living specie. The idea of the regular habitat can be recognized by parts: Complete ecological[->2] units that work as natural[->3] frameworks without huge human[->4] mediation, including all vegetation[->5], microorganisms[->6], soil[->7], rocks[->8], atmosphere[->9], and common phenomena[->10] that happen inside their limits.  §Universal normal resources[->11] and physical phenomena[->12] that need obvious limits, for example, air[->13], water[->14], and climate[->15], just as energy[->16], radiation[->17], electric charge[->18], and magnetism[->19], not beginning from human activity.The indigenous habitat is appeared differently in relation to the fabricated environment[->20], which includes the territories and segments that are emphaticall y affected by people. A geological territory is viewed as a common habitat. It is hard to track down totally regular habitats, and usually the instinctive nature fluctuates in a continuum, from in a perfect world 100% characteristic in one extraordinary to 0% normal in the other. All the more unequivocally, we can think about the various angles or segments of a situation, and see that their level of instinctive nature isn't uniform.If, for example, we take an agrarian field, and consider the mineralogic composition[->21] and the structure[->22] of its dirt, we will find that though the first is very like that of an undisturbed woodland soil, the structure is very unique. Regular habitat is frequently utilized as an equivalent word for habitat[->23]. For example, when we state that the regular habitat of giraffes is the savanna[->24]. PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS The â€Å"Typical† Plant Body The Root System (Usually underground)  §Anchor the plant in the dirt à ‚ §Absorb water and supplements  §Conduct water and supplements Food Storage The Shoot System (Usually above grounds)  §Elevates the plant over the dirt  §Many capacities including:  §photosynthesis  §reproduction and dispersal  §food and water conduction TYPE OF PLANTS Cacti (Cactus) Cactus plants are all around adjusted to blistering and dry climate by putting away water in their delicious stems. They are likewise known for their spines, for which they are celebrated. Blossoms Flowers are the conceptive piece of angiosperms, otherwise called blooming plants. Herbs are utilized for culinary, restorative and profound employments. In cooking, the leaves of the herb are ordinarily the main part used.All parts of herbs are utilized in different clinical or otherworldly practices. Bushes and Bushes Usually under 6 m tall, bushes and shrubs are classified as woody plants. Bushes have various stems and many are secured with blossoms of every kind. Trees are wherever on the pla net. Trees are tall, enormous and some are old. Trees are significant in battling soil disintegration and liable for the spotless oxygen we relax. Vegetables The term ‘vegetable' isn't really a logical grouping of a plant, but instead carefully a culinary term.Vegetables are portions of plants (bloom buds, seeds, stems, organic products, and so forth) that are consumable and utilized in culinar

Dionysus :: essays research papers

Dionysus      Dionysus was the most generally loved and well known god in old Greece. It's not hard to perceive any reason why; he was their divine force of wine, cheer, custom move, warm dampness, and later, human progress. He was regularly portrayed as an attractive youngster, wearing fawnskin, and conveying a cup and an ivy- secured staff.      Some legends hold that Dionysus was the child of Zeus- - the ruler of the god- - what's more, Persephone- - sovereign of the black market - however most fantasies express that he is the child of Zeus and a human lady named Semel. This lady Semele was no human, however. She was a princess, and a delightful one at that. Zeus was infamous for being fairly productive, and when his better half, the goddess Hera heard that he had gone off and mated with a human, she turned out to be very disturbed. Hera, in an endeavor to get her payback, appeared to Semele and advised her to request that Zeus appear to her in his heavenly structure. At the point when Zeus obliged, Semele was quickly devoured in blazes, for no human can view a divine being in his common state. Be that as it may, Zeus spared the unborn Dionysus by closing him up in his thigh, consequently hatching him.      What occurred next is diverse in each story. A few fantasies state he lived with a ruler and sovereign faithful to Zeus until Hera found him, and, in an envious rage, distorted their minds. In this rendition of the story, Dionysus was turned into a goat by his dad trying to conceal him from Hera; from that point on he had little horns on his head.      After he was sheltered, he went to live with the sprites, who instructed him to make wine. Hera inevitably discovered him once more, and this time she additionally twisted his mind. The fairies dismissed him, and he went to live with the satyrs, who were men with goat legs and horns, and their pioneer Silenus. Dionysus went with the satyrs, who sickened everybody they experienced with their inconsiderate, plastered conduct.      Silenus is generally depicted as a fat smashed man who rides on an ass. He was once caught by King Midas. At the point when Dionysus interceded, Midas liberated Silenus in return for the ability to transform all he contacted into gold. Dionysus what's more, his band in the long run experienced the maenads. The maenads were a gathering of wild, warlike animals. They were frightfully awful, and shockingly, they were likewise unfathomably moronic. They began many fruitless wars against realms in Africa.      When Zeus at long last discovered Dionysus once more, he restored his psyche to typical. In any case, Dionysus wouldn't surrender his boisterous voyaging associates.

Mexico Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mexico - Case Study Example Huge quantities of global car makers are either moving their base from Canada to Mexico or are restricting their tasks in Canada and extending the equivalent in Mexico (Althaus â€Å"Mexico Sets Auto Production Record, Aims for More†). Mexico has increased huge consideration of car makers, because of a few factors that convey land and other upper hands to makers. These preferences incorporate amazingly low compensation rate, organized commerce concurrences with around 45 nations over the globe, very much created transport framework with all year ice free waterfront ports and significant level of budgetary motivators from Mexican government. Inferable from these highlights, worldwide automakers declared venture of $7 billion in Mexico instead of $750 million in Canada. Mexico’s steady and rewarding business condition has made most automakers embrace worldwide system for business extension (Keenan â€Å"Mexico races ahead in automobile industry as Canada stalls†). Logically, it is basic to understand the differentiation among universal and worldwide methodologies despite the fact that they are much of the time utilized reciprocally. These separating factors are level of focal inclusion and coordination in vital exercises, level of normalization in items and responsiveness towards nearby business condition and key incorporation and serious advances. Since internationalization in Mexico is principally about accomplishing intensity underway and tasks, practically all organizations embrace worldwide system (Twarowska and Kakol 1005-1011). Under the domain of worldwide technique, most automakers guarantee and exercise focal power over creation in Mexico and as car industry is tied in with guaranteeing normalization in items, worldwide procedure is best in this. In contrast to universal

The Lasting Effects of the Columbian Exchange During the Age of Discove

The Lasting Effects of the Columbian Exchange During the Age of Discovery It should no longer come as any extraordinary amazement that Columbus was not the first to find the Americas- - Carthaginians, Vikings, and even St. Brendan may have gone to the Western Hemisphere well before Columbus crossed the Atlantic. However, none of these accidental contacts had the effect that Columbus did. Columbus and friends will undoubtedly bring more than the advantages of Christianity and twofold passage accounting to America. His journeys began the Columbian Exchange, a hemispherical trade of people groups, plants, creatures and ailments that changed the world he had found as well as the one he had left. The Old and New Worlds had been isolated for many years before this journey (aside from intermittent reconnections in the far north during the Ice Ages). This time of partition brought about incredible species dissimilarity and evolvement. There were as yet numerous comparative species, for example, deer and elm, yet Europe had not at all like hummingbirds, diamondbacks, and hickory and walnut trees. The distinctions were much more prominent in the southern sides of the equator; the greatest well evolved creature in Africa was the elephant, and the greatest warm blooded creature in South America was the bovine measured ungulate. Both of these natural frameworks battled for a sensitive feeling of parity and homeostasis- - yet their crash in 1492 started a totally different time of rivalry and battle for strength. The natural effect of such a crash is colossal and ought to be taken a gander at as a major aspect of our comprehension of the Age of Discovery. PLANTS Thomas Jefferson once said that, The best help which can be rendered to any nation is to add a valuable plant to its way of life. By this norm, Col... ...opened new windows to science and to all information. The aftereffects of the Columbian Exchange accompany blended emotions, attributable to the level of death and subjugation that such a conflict of natures caused. In any case, whatever the result of the two universes re-joining together, the Exchange was a significant occasion during the time spent revelation. Proposed Readings Crosby, Alfred W. The Columbus Voyages, the Columbian Exchange, furthermore, Their Historians: Essays on Global and Comparitive History. Washington, D.C.:American Historical Association, 1987. - . The Voyages of Columbus: A Turning Point in World History. Bloomington, IN: ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education, 1989. Patrick, John J. Columbus in the Curriculum: Ideas and Assets for Teachers of History in Elementary and Secondary Schools. International Journal of Social Education. 7.1

MARK TWAIN :: essays papers

Imprint TWAIN Imprint Twain otherwise called Samuel Clemens. He was conceived in Florida, Missouri on Nov 30,1835, the 6th offspring of John and Jane Clemens. Quite a while later, in 1839, the family moved to close by Hannibal, where Clemens spent his childhood years. Clemens childhood dream was to turn into a steamboatman on the waterway. Clemens' paper profession started while still a kid in Hannibal. In 1848, a year after his dad passing, he was disciple to printer Joseph Ament, who distributed the Missouri Courier. Did disaster make Samuel Clemens (Cox Clinton). Missouri Courier just keep going for half a month prior to he began working for his sibling at Orion's Western Union, for which he composed his initially distributed outlines and filled in as a printer. Throughout the following two years he proceeded at the Western Union, every so often accepting stretches as supervisor in Orion's nonappearance. In 1852, Sam distributed a few portrays in Philadelphia's Saturday Evening Post. Clemens left Hannibal in 1853, at age 18, and functioned as a printer in New York City and Philadelphia throughout the following year. During his outing east he distributed letters in the Hannibal Journal. After coming back to the Midwest in 1854, Clemens lived in a few urban communities on the Mississippi: the most noticeable of these was Keokuk, Iowa where his sibling Orion established the Keokuk Journal. In April 1861 came the beginning of common war waterway traffic on the Mississippi was suspended, and Clemens steamer vocation reached a conclusion. He joined a volunteer local army bunch called the Marion Rangers, which bored for about fourteen days before disbanding. Sam went with Orion to the Nevada Territory by stagecoach: President Lincoln had selected Orion as secretary of the new Territory, and Sam was to be his secretary. (Cox Clinton). During the 1880s and mid 90s, Clemens turned out to be intensely associated with putting resources into the Paige Compositor, a programmed typesetting machine. He poured incredible measures of cash in the machine, and even established an organization in 1886 to fabricate and disperse it. The coming of the linotype machine, be that as it may, sent the Paige Compositor to its fate. After the second model of the machine bombed a trial at the Chicago Herald in 1894 where 32 linotypes were running easily, the machine was rejected. Clemens added to the insolvency of his distributing organization when he moved assets from that firm into the printer.

New Student Photo Series 2010 Post #25 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series 2010 â€" Post #25 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog More photos from incoming students, enjoy. The first set of photos comes from Maria Lahore, an incoming MIA student. I have always been very impressed by the deserts. Sandy or rocky, they make me feel tiny in that immensity. The first two pictures were taken in the Atacama desert in Chile in January 2009. I could imagine how a road on the moon would be. This is the most arid desert in the world. The cordillera de la Sal (Salt mountain range) in the Moon Valley.   One of the most beautiful sunsets I have ever seen. Amazing. This was also taken in Peru but this time in the north, Tucume (Lambayeque) November 2006, this is called the Valley of the Pyramids. Underneath those rocky hills, there were found archeological remains of cultures before the Inca empire, and still finding. _________________________ This next set was submitted by Huilan Jordan, an incoming MIA student. _________________________ This photo was taken in Zhouzhuang, near Shanghai. I happened to be there during Chinas golden holiday period, so there were various performances in the well known tourist town. These middle aged women dressed in traditional clothes and were dancing to old tunes. This was taken in the summer of 2002 or 2003, in Corona Meadow park in Flushing, Queens. Two young boys were enjoying cool breeze brought by the fountain underneath the big globe in the park. That was the first and the last time I saw the fountain working. Freedom was taken in the fall of 2001, in the Bronx Zoo. This fella was standing there looking out, as if longing to fly out of the glass house. Or maybe he was just wondering what hed have for dinner.

How to Write a Good Philosophy Essay

How to Write a Good Philosophy Essay A powerful philosophy essay begins with choosing a proper topic and general outlining. If you are not limited in the topic selection by your tutor, you are free to choose any topic that is interesting to you. This will allow for deep exploration into the details of the topic as well as viewing the topic from different angles. The main thing with philosophy essay writing is creating the dialectical connection between an argument against an issue and clear evidence for it. Thus, once you are ready with your topic, you may begin searching for a reasonable argument and providing the grounds for it. In addition, composing an outline is helpful at the initial stage of the writing process. An outline will help you trace important aspects about the subject and sift through trivial ones. After composing the outline (or draft) of your philosophy essay, you will need to proceed with the main stage of the writing procedure – filling in the appropriate content. You will need to find the most persuasive and logical reasons to support your argument. A poorly worded argument is no good to your philosophy essay. There is also one thing about the writing process that you need to bear in mind. While presenting the argument, your first task is to avoid coming across as if your point of view was the only one possible. You are to write straightforward and clearly, but do allow your readers to hold their own opinions. The audience is free to accept your position or reject it, once it is expressed in your essay. Philosophy essay writing skills include careful consideration and thorough analysis skills that are to be mastered gradually. The best way to become good at writing excellent philosophy essays is continually practicing. The style and structure of the philosophy essay are also of great importance. Try to use your own style of narration and independent way of thinking, while composing the philosophy essay. This will help you avoid clichà ©s and overused phrases in the essay. A simple and obvious structure will make your essay even more effective. In addition, try reading the completed essay to your parents or friends; they will point out its drawbacks and express their feedback which can be really helpful for you. As soon as the essay writing process is finished, you will need to spend additional time on the paper proofreading and editing. You should do your best to â€Å"polish† the essay and eliminate grammar, punctuation, and style mistakes as well as possible misprints. In this case, your philosophy essay will be academically sound and professional, and this makes a favorable impression on the readers. Do you need Philosophy essay help from professionals? Just try our custom essay writing company now.

The Trials And Triumphs Of Twelve Gifted Inner City Students

And Still We Rise: The Trials and Triumphs of Twelve Gifted Inner-City Students Developmental Tasks Adolescents face many developmental tasks: physically, cognitively, socially and emotionally. For example, puberty happens, intellectual interests expand, moral thinking happens, sense of identity is initiated, independence is worked towards, there is conflict with adults, and peer influence becomes an issue—to say the least. This particular read focuses on twelve west coast inner city students and the developmental and environmental tasks that impact their education. Professionals often use the word resilience, or suggest that students become resilient, without putting much thought into the difficulties that students must recover from.†¦show more content†¦Inner city students need just as much positive input as they get negative input, because they are sometimes forced to indulge in negative activities to maintain internal stability. The gifted program in this novel depicts how a support system can assist less fortunate youth in overcoming adversi ty. Sadi Sadi was a phenomenal character in the novel. This young male struggled with his own identity, with his morals, with peer relations, along with a sick mother and other high expressed emotional levels related to his family. Sadi was once a gang member, watching as his friends were either arrested or murdered: he overcame that. Sadi did not know where he fit in after disengaging with his former gang members. Sadi stripped himself of the gifted program once, however was able to prove himself worthy of coming back to school, remain focus, and accomplish his goals. Sadi’s father interfered with a great academic opportunity, and returned to the streets as a result of his drug addiction. This student experienced many trials within himself, along with within his family. Macro Forces. Sadi lived in a community where poverty, drugs and gang violence were the norm. He could not walk out of his home without seeing his ally of gang members, and seemed like he couldn’t go a day with out running into rival gang members. It did not take a lot for him to be influenced by this

The Importance Of Office Comfortable For Clients - 1484 Words

A. Engagement Process Before meeting with a new client, I believe that the office should be made to be feel comfortable for the client. To make the office comfortable for clients, I would try to have a nice atmosphere when clients walk in with relaxing music. Once in the office, I allow the client to decide where they want to sit so they feel that they have some control of the situation. If it’s an option, I would have a couple different options for seating in my office for this reason. I would also make sure that there is not anything too distracting, and have a white noise machine to block out outside noise. During the engagement process, it is important to establish rapport. In establishing rapport, I tell Pat that he is in†¦show more content†¦During the initial sessions, I think it is important to learn why the client is there from the client’s perspective. I use a not-knowing approach to learn more about why Pat is there from his perspective and what his goals are. Thi s would allow for me to learn about the client’s wants, goals, strengths, and successes from their perspective (De Jong Berg, 2001). Once I know what his goals are, I can partner with him to figure out a plan and interventions to achieve his goal or ways to modify them. Learning what he considers the goal of seeing a social worker allows me to know what skills we could work on building or improving. It is important to learn what the client wants to accomplish and how they plan to do so. Letting Pat tell me about himself also allows for me to see what his strengths are without me guiding him too much. This may also allow for the client to realize his own strengths and feel more empowered. Doing this would allow me to learn what stage of change Pat is in. It is important to know what stage of change a client is in so I do not push them too much on certain issues before they are aware and ready to deal with these issues. I also provide Pat with affirmation, reassurance, and reliability to make him feel more secure in the social worker/client relationship. B. Biopsychosocial Assessment. Presenting Problem Pat was initially admitted to an inpatient treatment facilityShow MoreRelatedEffective Listening Strategies Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation with helping clients improve the quality of his or her life. When a client knows that the interviewer is listening he or she will feel respected and appreciated. The article shows the importance of listening in order to get the client to respond to us positively and on a deeper level. The article states there are different ways of listening. The article states we should have active participation by facing the client, maintaining eye contact, focus solely on what the client is saying, and respondRead MorePhysical Environment in Counseling and Planning1648 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle about the impact of physical environment on the financial counseling and planning relationship and process. The publication raised my great interest because I have noticed before that our offices have seve ral deficiencies that may have negative effects on the quality of our relationships with clients. The physical environment includes many aspects of our surrounding, including furniture and room design, color, accessories, lighting, sound, smell, thermal conditions and others. I have learnedRead MoreCode Of Ethic For National Association Of Social Worker1138 Words   |  5 Pagesapproach to clients is treated regardless of their status in the community. 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As Stephanie revealed her frustrations and struggles about working with non-productive co-workers, Mary nodded in agreement, validated, and also restated, in a calming voice, what Stephanie said. Because Stephanie felt heard and understood by Mary, Stephanie felt comfortable expressing and exploring her feelings and wishes in the positive environmentRead MoreDimensions Of Soc ial Class And Social Justice1434 Words   |  6 PagesSection Review 5: Dimensions of Social Class A.) Summary and Reaction The fifth section is about the importance of social class and social justice in our society. Social class is one of the â€Å"isms† that people do not really think about even though people judge you based on this all the time in our society. The term social justice is used to help make things fair in our society. This term helps to advocate for the distribution of wealth or opportunities more equally in our society. In this sectionRead MoreBusiness Problem Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesI am telling us about problem definition. The company expands their business. They launch their fifteen new branches with regional offices in Germany. I have selected some important points are given below: ï  ¶ Develop a website- The Company has no website. So, develop a new website for 15 new branches with regional offices. It’s also necessary for the company. Clients and customers visit the website and choices products order to buy can’t possible if not available a website. Develop a website needRead MoreEssay on Counselling Interview Skills Ass. 11235 Words   |  5 Pagescounselling session it is of vital importance that all participants, usually one sender and one receiver (of a message) are attuned to the primary reason for coming together and willing to explore the relationship openly | | Rules:Society has set down rules for all aspects of our lives, our behaviour, and our interactions. This is especially important in the communication process of a counselling session. Knowing what is appropriate, what needs to be amended to suit each client interaction is necessary

The Effects of Hansen’s Erp Technology Changes on Both...

TRIDENT UNIVERSITY MODULE 1 CASE ASSIGNMENT ITM436 Operations Mgmt and Operations Systems 17 June 2012 In this paper I will attempt to discuss the ERP technology changes made by Hansen to both production and non-production functions of their business. I will also discuss how production and non-production effects are related to each other. The Hansen Company was created in the 1950’s by Bert and Dawn Hansen who were building their home and created reliable toilet valve in the process. They began manufacturing the valves in their garage and shipping them around the country by railway. Since then they have grown in to the leading manufacturer of polythene pipe fittings, threaded pipe fittings and high flow foot and check valves. Today†¦show more content†¦Axapta provided a good fit for the company’s requirements, particularly production scheduling. â€Å"Microsoft Dynamics AX was originally developed as collaboration between IBM and Damgaard as IBM Axapta and was then ultimately acquired by the Microsoft Corporation.† [ (Wikipedia, 2012) ] The dedicated project team comprised of Carl Hansen, managing director, Hanham, Vaughan Woodgate from Network Management (Hansen’s outsourced IT infrastructure partner) and Cox worked for six months to implement the company’s new system. They introduced the changes in two phases, first by over hauling the financials and inventory and then the manufacturing portion of the business. These changes on both production and non-production functions of the business had a great impact on Hansen. Axapta has produced considerable efficiencies within Hansen’s production processes, delivering streamlined production planning and scheduling. It also made it possible for the expansion into the Canadian market by allowing them to forecast the company needs to successfully manage continued growth. The ERP software enabled Hansen to provide more accurate information to customers about their order which resulted in a boost in customer service and satisfaction. One example is that w hen a customer places an order the system sends them an e-mail confirming the purchase and additional e-mails when it is shipped, who will deliver it and when exactly it will arrive. ItShow MoreRelatedCase Overview of ERP Implementation at Hansen Products733 Words   |  3 PagesProduction Scheduling and Control The effects of Hansens ERP technology changes on both production and non-production functions of the business, and how the production and non-production effects are related to each other Case Overview Hansen Products is a leading manufacturer of polythene pipe fittings, threaded pipe fittings and high flow foot and check valves; with more than 500 finished products under the Hansen brand, the company has a strong export focus, with established exclusiveRead MoreProduction Scheduling and Control: The Effects of Hansens ERP Technology751 Words   |  3 PagesProduction Scheduling and Control The effects of Hansens ERP technology changes on both production and non-production functions of the business, and how the production and non-production effects are related to each other Case Overview Hansen Products is a leading manufacturer of polythene pipe fittings, threaded pipe fittings and high flow foot and check valves; with more than 500 finished products under the Hansen brand, the company has a strong export focus, with established exclusive

William Blake s Innocence And Experience Analysis Essay

Isha Fidai Amber Drown English 2323 14 September 2016 William Blake s Innocence and Experience Analysis The Romantic Era was a movement in literature that began in the late seventeenth century throughout the eighteenth century that was mainly influenced by the natural world and idealism. Romanticism was predominantly focused on emotion and freedom emphasizing individualism. Formed as an uprising against neoclassicism, romanticism was more abstract, focusing on feelings and imaginations, instead of relying on logic and rules. The romanticism writers wanted freedom and were in complete awe of the nature around them. Poets such as William Blake adopted themes such as nature, often writing poetry about freedom and hope. Growing up, William Blake did not attend school, but instead was educated by his mother. William Blake s interest in engraving copies of drawings lead to the gothic styles of poetry he used to sketch tombs at Westminster, Abbey. At the age of 10, Blake was enrolled in Henry Pars’s drawing school where he began to admire the works on many artists such as Raphael and Michelangelo. Looking at the the artists works, at the age of 12, Blake started to explore his own artistic style with poetry. William Blake s wife supported his style of writing and helped him become a better poet. Their relationship was mutualistic because Blake had taught his wife how to read and write. In addition, Blake believed in universal conformity, which is a belief of everyoneShow MoreRelatedEssay on the Chimney Sweeper958 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 102-B12 LUO Spring 2014 Joseph P Garland Jr L23810423 MLA A literary analysis of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper.† Social Injustice was rampant among chimney sweeps in 18th and 19th Century England... In the poem â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† from â€Å"Songs of Innocence† This paper will evaluate and show the story and writing style dealing with social injustice. 1. Introduction a. The Chimney Sweeper 2. The Location and Era a. 18th and 19th Century England 3. Point of View a. TomRead MoreThe Tyger By William Blake Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tyger is a six-stanza poem written by an American poet, William Blake. This poem has many interpretation, in a way you could say it is a biblical as well as a symbolic poem, as ‘The Tyger’ is actually the contrast to one of Blake s other poem, The Lamb, both poems are from the book of â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience†. If you are familiar with the Christian Bible, it states â€Å"Jesus is the Lamb of God.† The Tyger is comprised of unanswered questions as to who could have created a terrifyingRead MoreAN ANALYSIS OF WILLIAM BLAKES SONGS2960 Words   |  12 PagesAN ANALYSIS OF WILLIAM BLAKE’S SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OF EXPERIENCE AS A RESPONSE TO THE COLLAPSE OF VALUES TIMOTHY VINESâˆâ€" Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience are a much studied part of the English canon, and for good reason. Blake’s work depicts a quandary that continues to haunt humanity today: the struggle of high-order humanity against the ‘real’ rationality and morals of institutionalised society. This essay seeks to explore both Blake’s literary reaction to the Enlightenment and theRead MoreWilliam Blake And The Divine Image Essay2209 Words   |  9 PagesWilliam Blake, a transitional figure in British literature, was the first romantic poet to focus on content instead of form. Blake is one of the great mystics of the world, like Henry More and Wordsworth; he lived in a world of glory, of spirit and of vision, which, for him, was the only real world. His devotion to God expresses through his lyrical poetry collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. This collection contains 51 poems where the poems of Innocence are counter part of the poemsRead MoreThe Unification Of Innocence And Experience1933 Words   |  8 PagesThe Unification of Innocence and Experience Many peer-reviewed sources believe it is â€Å"essential† to understand the historical contexts of William Blake’s lifetime in order to accurately interpret Songs of Innocence and of Experience (Blake 23). I present opposing questions to this theory: (1) why is it necessary to try and adopt a perceptional adaptation of Blake’s historical perspective in order to comprehend and interpret his work; (3) is Songs of Innocence and of Experience a timeless work ofRead MoreWild Geese By Mary Oliver1581 Words   |  7 Pagesstronger person, more in tune with themselves and with nature. The message I get from this poem is one of encouragement. I myself, having been through dark and difficult times it is easy for me to relate to this poem on a deeper level. Knowing from experience, it is difficult to not let the darkness consume you during times of suffering and depression, and it is almost impossible to not feel alone. While this poem recognizes those feelings, it also br ings hope to the reader. No, suffering does not haveRead MoreEvil Embers Essay1953 Words   |  8 Pagesdefine them. In the poem â€Å"The Tyger† by William Blake, he makes an attempt to illustrate his feelings on evil and all that it represents. There is no definite answer given, yet a picture is painted to show us his thoughts and ponderings. His foresight and enlightened point of view only serve to further strengthen the knowledge of the reader on the mystical forces we have simply dubbed good and evil. It is extremely important to understand our author William Blake (1757-1827), to form a base or foundationRead MoreWilliam Blake s Illuminated Manuscripts1913 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Blake’s illuminated manuscripts were published in multiple editions; all of the editions were etched differently than its predecessor. In these illustrations, one finds meaning and value; an inextricable link between these artistic expressions and the text that Blake wrote exists. These works should not be viewed separately, but rather viewed together, as one single entity. While the text, at times, proves itself to be unstable and potentially confusing for readers, the etchings serve asRead MoreCritical Analysis of William Blakes Poem The Tiger1378 Words   |  6 PagesÐ ¨Ã £ÃÅ"ЕÐ Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœ Ð £Ã ÃËœÃâ€™Ãâ€¢Ã  Ã ¡ÃËœÃ ¢Ãâ€¢Ã ¢ â€Å"ЕПИÐ ¡ÃÅ¡ÃÅ¾ÃÅ¸ КОÐ Ã ¡Ã ¢Ã Ã Ã ¢ÃËœÃ  ПÐ  Ãâ€¢Ã ¡Ãâ€ºÃ Ãâ€™Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœÃ¢â‚¬  Ð ¤Ã °Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'…Ã'Æ'Ð ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ¸ Project title: Write a critical analysis of William Blakes poem The Tiger paying special attention to the stance of the poetic speaker Name: ИÐ ²Ã µÃ »Ã ¸Ã ½ ИÐ ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ² ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Faculty number: 1063 Read MoreCritical Analysis of William Blakes Poem The Tiger1393 Words   |  6 PagesÐ ¨Ã £ÃÅ"ЕÐ Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœ Ð £Ã ÃËœÃâ€™Ãâ€¢Ã  Ã ¡ÃËœÃ ¢Ãâ€¢Ã ¢ â€Å"ЕПИÐ ¡ÃÅ¡ÃÅ¾ÃÅ¸ КОÐ Ã ¡Ã ¢Ã Ã Ã ¢ÃËœÃ  ПÐ  Ãâ€¢Ã ¡Ãâ€ºÃ Ãâ€™Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœÃ¢â‚¬  Ð ¤Ã °Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'…Ã'Æ'Ð ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ¸ Project title: Write a critical analysis of William Blakes poem The Tiger paying special attention to the stance of the poetic speaker Name: ИÐ ²Ã µÃ »Ã ¸Ã ½ ИÐ ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ² ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Faculty number: 1063

Lynching Visual Analysis Free Essays

In the photo â€Å"Lynching 1930† there is a crowd of people gathered around a tree, two African-American men are hanging from that tree, they are both dead. Lynching of African-Americans began to spread after the American Civil War and it was most popular in the South. Lynching African-Americans was used as a punishment usually carried out by a mob of white people to intimidate African-Americans, â€Å"black† people suffered from violence of white people for many years they had no freedom and no citizen rights; they were considered as slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Lynching Visual Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Between 1860 and 1890 almost 5,000 African-Americans were lynched in front of large crowds of white people. When I first saw the photo, I focused on the two men hanging from a tree, the reason I first saw this is because they are both in the middle of the picture and everything else in the picture is directing towards these men. The other people in the picture are smiling and they all look happy and relaxed at the sight of two dead men. I was shocked when I saw the photo, what happened to these men including many others like them is unfair, cruel and immoral. The photo shocked me and I also felt disgusted by the cruelty and cold-heartedness of people looking at corpses while looking like they are about to have a celebration. In the crowd the people who are standing nearest to the photographer are all looking at the camera, one man is pointing at the corpses with a proud look on his face as if he just accomplished doing something important. Near this man, there is a young couple holding hands both smiling as if it were the happiest moment of their lives. Two other men seem careless at the horrible sight and are smoking cigars. People of all ages are gathered around the big tree, there is even a little girl who looks like she is 10 years old who is smiling. I feel horrified looking at all these smiling faces that have all seen the same thing and are joyful about it; murder. No one in the picture looks sad or disgusted after seeing two men who have just been murdered, it is worrying to see how proud and happy people are to be taken in a picture in front of dead people. Not one person in the photo looks shocked, not the men, not the women and not even the little girl. There are people of all different ages in the photo, but the all have he same reaction to racism. Men are wearing suits or dress shirts with ties, some of them are wearing hats while the women are all wearing dresses and have short hair. People in the crowd look like they are mixed between the middle class and rich people, the person who stands out the most in the photo is a man who looks like he is in his 50’s, he is wearing a white dres s shirt and dark trousers, he has a thin mustache on his upper lip and he is pointing at the man hanging on the right side of the tree with a look of accomplishment on his face. An old woman is standing beside him, she seems distracted by someone else and her eyes are looking in the direction of a young man who is at the right side of the photo only half his face is showing in the picture, the other half is cut out. I think this photograph was taken on a summer night because people are wearing light clothes. Women are wearing dresses with prints on them and most men are only wearing shirts without jackets. The dark sky is visible behind the tree; there are also two streetlights that appear in the picture behind the dead men. Focusing on the two dead men, they both look poor because their clothes are ripped and do not look as expensive as the clothes of the people in the crowd. The man on the left has his head looking down; he is wearing an unbuttoned shirt and trousers. I can see stains on his shirt and trousers, they looks like blood. I think the man was tortured in before being hung to the tree. The man on the right has his head tilted to the side he is wearing a shirt but instead of trousers there is a piece of cloth wrapped around his waist, the hemline is uneven and he is barefoot. He also has bloodstains on his clothes. I think this photograph is one of the most famous ones because it isn’t only a picture of the dead men but you can also see the crowd’s reactions to this scene. You can see how intolerant people were and not accepting people for their skin color. I think that people’s view and feelings from this photo has changed over the years, in the 1930 this photo would be pleasant for white people to look at and it would evoke a feeling of happiness and pride when seeing the huge crowd gathered around the tree but nowadays this photo would shock anyone even white people. People’s acceptance of different races and skin colors has evolved during the years, if this happened today it would not be acceptable like it would have been at the time the photo was taken. I am glad I do not have to see this sight nowadays because I think it is unfair to judge a person by their looks, skin color or race. How to cite Lynching Visual Analysis, Papers

Bank Notes free essay sample

Linear Probability Models (LPMs) * Econometric model to explain repayment experience on past/old loans. * Regression model with a â€Å"dummy† dependent variable Z; Z = 1 default and Z=0 no default. * Weakness: no guarantee that the estimated default probabilities will always lie between 0 and 1 (theoretical flaw) Logit and Probit Models * Developed to overcome weakness of LPM. * Explicitly restrict the estimated range of default probabilities to lie between 0 and 1. * Logit: assumes probability of default to be logistically distributed. Probit: assumes probability of default has a cumulative normal distribution function. Linear Discriminant Analysis * Derived from statistical technique called multivariate analysis. * Divides borrowers into high or low default risk classes. * Altman’s LDM = most famous model developed in the late 1960s. Z lt; 1. 8 (critical value), there is a high chance of default. * Weaknesses * Only considers two extreme cases (default/no default). * Weights need not be stationary over time. 3. New Credit Risk Evaluation Models Newer models have been developed – use financial theory and financial market data to make inferences about default probabilities. * Most relevant for evaluating loans to larger corporate borrowers. * Area of very active continuing research by FIs. Credit Ratings * Ratings change relatively infrequently – objective of ratings stability. * Only chance when there is reason to believe that a long-term change in the company’s creditworthiness has taken place. * Samp;P: AAA, AA, A, BBB, BB, B and CCC * Moody’s: Aaa, Aa, A, Baa, Ba, B and Caa Bonds with ratings of BBB and above are considered to be â€Å"investment grade† Estimating Default Probabilities 1. Historical Data * Provided by rating agencies e. g. cumulative average default rates * If a company starts with a: * Good credit rating, default probabilities tend to increase with time. * Poor credit rating, default probabilities tend to decrease with time. * Default Intensity vs Unconditional Default Probability * Default intensity or hazard rate is the probability of default conditional on no earlier default. * Unconditional default probability is the probability of default as seen at time zero. Default intensities and unconditional default probabilities for a Caa rated company in the third year Supplement point 14 by monitoring a combination of internal reports, prudential reports and market information. 16. Should intervene to require effective and timely remedial action to address liquidity deficiencies. 17. Should communicate with other regulators e. g. central banks – cooperation TOPIC 7: CORE PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE BANKING SUPERVISION Overview * Most important global standard for prudential regulation and supervision. * Endorsed by vast majority of countries. * Provides benchmark against which supervisory regimes can be assessed. * 1995: Mexican and Barings Crises Lyon Summit in 1996 for G7 Leaders. 1997: Document drafted and endorsed at G7 meeting. Final version presented at annual meetings of World Bank and IMF in Hong Kong. * 1998: G-22 endorsed * 2006: Revision of the Core Principles * 2011: Basel Committee mandates a major review, issues revised consultative paper. The Core Principles (2006) * 25 minimum requirements that need to be met for an effective re gulatory system. * May need to be supplemented by other measures. * Seven major groups * Framework for supervisory authority – Principle 1 * Licensing and structure – Principles 2-5 * Prudential regulations and requirements – Principles 6-18 * Methods of ongoing banking supervision – Principles 19-21 * Accounting and disclosure – Principle 22 * Corrective and remedial powers of supervisors – Principle 23 * Consolidated and cross-border banking – Principles 24-25. * Explicitly recognise: * Effective banking supervision is essential for a strong economic environment. * Supervision seeks to ensure banks operate in a safe and sound manner and hold sufficient capital and reserves. * Strong and effective supervision is a public good and critical to financial stability. * While cost of supervision is high, the cost of poor supervision is even higher. Key objective of banking supervision: * Maintain stability and confidence in the financial system * Encourage good corporate governance and enhance market transparency Revised Core Principles (2011) * Core Principles and assessment methodology merged into a single document. * Number of core principles increased to 29. * Takes account of several key trends and developments: * Need to deal with systemically important banks * Macroprudential focus (system-wide) and systemic risk * Effective crisis management, recovery and resolution measures. Sound corporate governance * Greater public disclosure and transparency enhance market discipline. * Two broad groups: 1. Supervisory powers, responsibilities and functions. Focus on effective risk-based supervision, and the need for early intervention and timely supervisory actions. Principles 1-13. 2. Prudential regulations and requirements. Cover supervisory expectations of banks, emphasising the importance of good corporate governance and risk management, as well as compliance with supervisory standards. Supervisory powers, responsibilities and functions 1. Clear responsibilities and objectives for each authority involved. Suitable legal framework. 2. Supervisor has operational independence, transparent processes, sound governance and adequate resources, and is accountable. 3. Cooperation and collaboration with domestic authorities and foreign supervisors. 4. Permissible activities of banks is controlled. 5. Assessment of bank ownership structure and governance. 6. Power to review, reject and impose prudential conditions on any changes in ownership or controlling interests. 7. Power to approve or reject major acquisitions. 8. Forward-looking assessment of the risk profile of banks and banking groups. 9. Uses appropriate range of techniques and tools to implement supervisory approach. 10. Collects, reviews and analyses prudential reports and statistical returns. 11. Early address of unsafe and unsound practices. 12. Supervises banking group on consolidated basis (including globally) 13. Cross-border sharing of information and cooperation. Prudential regulations and requirements 14. Robust corporate governance policies and processes. 15. Banks have a comprehensive risk management process, including recovery plans. 6. Set prudent and appropriate capital adequacy requirements. 17. Banks have an adequate credit risk management process. 18. Banks have adequate policies and processes for the early identification and management of problems assets, and maintain adequate provisions and reserves. 19. Banks have adequate policies re concentration risk. 20. Banks required to enter into any transactions with related pa rties on an arm’s length basis. 21. Banks have adequate policies re country and transfer risk. 22. Banks have an adequate market risk management process. 23. Banks have adequate systems re interest rate risk in the banking book. 24. Set prudent and appropriate liquidity requirements. 25. Banks have an adequate operational risk management framework. 26. Banks have adequate internal controls to establish and maintain a properly controlled operating environment for the conduct of their business. E. g. delegating authority and responsibility, separation of the functions that involve committing the bank. 27. Banks maintain adequate and reliable records, prepare financial statements in accordance with accounting policies etc. 8. Banks regularly publish information on a consolidated and solo basis. 29. Banks have adequate policies and processes e. g. strict customer due diligence. Preconditions for Effective Banking Supervision 1. Provision of sound and sustainable macroeconomic policies. 2. A well established framework for financial stability policy formulation. 3. A well developed public infrastructure 4. A clear framework for crisis managemen t, recovery and resolution 5. An appropriate level of systemic protection (or public safety net) 6. Effective market discipline 001: IMF and World Bank Study on Countries’ Compliance with Core Principles * 32 countries are compliant with 10 or few BCPs * Only 5 countries were assessed as fully compliant with 25 or more of the BCPs. * Developing countries less compliant than advanced economies. * Advanced economies generally possess more robust internal frameworks as defined by the ‘preconditions’ 2008: IMF Study on BCP Compliance * Based on 136 compliance assessments. * Continued work needed on strengthening banking supervision in many jurisdictions, particularly in the area of risk management. More than 40% of countries did not comply with the essential criteria of principles dealing with risk management, consolidated supervision and the abuse of financial services. * More than 30% did not possess the necessary operational independence to perform effective super vision nor have adequate ability to use their formal powers to take corrective action. * On average, countries in Western Europe demonstrated a much higher degree of compliance (above 90%) with BCP than their counterparts in other regions. * Africa and Western Hemisphere weak. Generally, high-income countries reflected a higher degree of compliance. TOPIC 8: CAPITAL ADEQUACY Overview * Adequate capital better able to withstand losses, provide credit through the business cycle and help promote public confidence in banking system. Importance of Capital Adequacy * Absorb unanticipated losses and preserve confidence in the FI * Protect uninsured depositors and other stakeholders * Protect FI insurance funds and taxpayers * Protect deposit insurance owners against increases in insurance premiums * To acquire real investments in order to provide financial services e. . equity financing is very important. Capital Adequacy * Capital too low banks may be unable to absorb high level of losses . * Capital too high banks may not be able to make the most efficient use of their resources. Constraint on credit availability. Pre-1988 * Banks regulated using balance sheet measures e. g. ratio of capital to assets. * Variations between countries re definitions, required ratios and enforcement of regulations. * 1980s: bank leverage increased, OBS derivatives trading increased. * LDC debt = major problem 1988 Basel Capital Accord (Basel I) * G10 agreed to Basel I Only covered credit risk * Capital / risk-adjusted assets gt; 8% * Tier 1 capital = shareholders equity and retained earnings * Tier 2 capital = additional internal and external resources e. g. loan loss reserves * Tier 1 capital / risk-adjusted assets gt; 4% * On-balance-sheet assets assigned to one of four categories * 0% cash and government bonds * 20% claims on OECD banks * 50% residential mortgages * 100% corporate loans, corporate bonds * Off-balance-sheet assets divided into contingent or guarantee contracts an d FX/IR forward, futures, option and swap contracts. Two step process (i) derive credit equivalent amounts as product of FV and conversion factor then (ii) multiply amount by risk weight. * OBS market contracts or derivative instruments = potential exposure + current exposure. * Potential exposure: credit risk if counterparty defaults in the future. * Current exposure: cost of replacing a derivative securities contract at today’s prices. 1996 Amendment * Implemented in 1998 * Requires banks to measure and hold capital for market risk. * k is a multiplicative factor chosen by regulators (at least 3) VaR is the 99% 10-day value at risk SRC is the specific risk charge Total Capital = 0. 08 x [Credit risk RWA + Market risk RWA] where market risk RWA = 12. 5 x [k x VaR + SRC] Basel II (2004) * Implemented in 2007 * Three pillars 1. New minimum capital requirements for credit and operational risk 2. Supervisory review: more thorough and uniform 3. Market discipline: more disclosure * Only applied to large international banks in US * Implemented by securities companies as well as banks in EU Pillar 1: Minimum Capital Requirements * Credit risk measurement: * Standardised approach (external credit rating based risk weights) * Internal rating based (IRB) Market risk = unchanged * Operational risk: * Basic indicator: 15% of gross income * Standardised: multiplicative factor for income arising from each business line. * Advanced measurement approaches: assess 99. 9% worst case loss over one year. * Total capital = 0. 08 x [Credit risk RWA + market risk RWA + Operational risk RWA] Pillar 2: Supervisory Review * Importance of effective supervisory review of banks’ internal assessments of their overall risks. Pillar 3: Market discipline * Increasing transparency – public disclosure Basel 2. 5 (Implemented 2011) * Stressed VaR for market risk * Incremental risk charge Ensures products such as bonds and derivatives in the trading book have the same capita l requirement that they would if they were in the banking book. * Comprehensive risk measure (re credit default correlations) Basel III (2010) * Considerably increase quality and quantity of banks capital * Macroprudential overlay – systemic risk * Allows time for smooth transition to new regime * Core capital only retained earnings and common shares * Reserves increased from 2% to 4. 5% * Capital conservation buffer – 2. 5% of RWA * Countercyclical capital buffer * Tracing/monitoring of liquidity funding Introduction of a maximum leverage ratio Capital Definitions and Requirements * Common equity gt; 4. 5% of RWA * Tier 1 gt; 6% of RWA * Phased implementation of capital levels stretching to Jan 1, 2015 * Phased implementation of capital definition stretching to Jan 1, 2018 Microprudential Features * Greater focus on common equity * Loss-absorbing during stress/crisis period capital conservation buffer * Promoting integrated management of market and counterparty credit risk. * Liquidity standard introduced introduced Jan 1, 2015 Introduced Jan 1, 2018 Available Stable Funding Factors Required Stable Funding Factors Macroprudential Factors * Countercyclical buffer * Acts as a brake in good times of high credit growth and a decompressor to restrict credit during downturns. * Within a range of 0-2. 5% * Left to the discretion of national regulators * Dividends restricted when capital is below required level * Phased in between Jan 1, 2016 – Jan 1, 2019 * Leverage Ratio * Target 3% * Ratio of Tier 1 capital to total exposure gt; 3% * Introduced on Jan 1, 2018 after a transition period * SIFIs * Required to hold additional loss absorbency capital, ranging from 1-2. 5% in common equity

The Melting Point Analysis of Crude and Recrystallized Acetaminophen Synthesized Sample Essay Example For Students

The Melting Point Analysis of Crude and Recrystallized Acetaminophen Synthesized Sample Essay Acetic Anhydride and p-Aminophenol were heated in a vial attached to an air capacitor to synthesise petroleum Datril. ensuing in 0. 097 gms ( 47. 48 % output ) . The petroleum Datril was so recrystallized in a dissolver of H2O and methyl alcohol over heat ensuing in 0. 082 gms ( 39. 61 % output ) of pure Datril. Melting points of both petroleum and pure Datril were taken. and found to be 165. 9 – 170. 9Â °C and 168. 2 – 171. 5Â °C. severally. The literature runing point of Datril is 169. 5 – 171. 0Â °C. bespeaking that our concluding merchandise was pure. Introduction The synthesis of Datril involves the attractive force of the electrophilic carbonyl group of acetic anhydride to the nucleophilic NH2 of the p-aminophenol. This occurs because the NH2 group is a better nucleophile than the OH group attached on the opposite side of the p-aminophenol. A new nitrogen-carbon bond is formed. bring forthing Datril with acetic acid as a by-product. During the synthesis of Datril. it is necessary to fade out all solid stuff. and heat the reaction at a high adequate temperature and for a long adequate clip period to guarantee completion. Cooling the mixture in an ice bath ensures that all crystals have formed. and drying removes any staying dissolver. The synthesis of Datril does non ensue in a pure merchandise. so recrystallization is necessary to sublimate the substance. During recrystallization. it is of import to fade out all of the solid in order to take all the drosss. Acetaminophen crystallizes easy. so chilling the mixture adequately is necessary. Leaving the mixture in an ice bath for 10 proceedingss ensures that the procedure is complete. Drying the crystals removes any staying dissolver. Once recrystallization has occured. comparing by runing point confirms the purification. The recrystallized merchandise should hold a thaw point near to the literature value. with a narrow scope. whereas the impure crystals will run at a lower temperature with a broader scope. Procedure Chemical reaction Mixture:0. 150g of p-aminophenol was weighed and put into a 5-mL conelike phial. An automatic pipet was used to mensurate 0. 450 mL H2O and 0. 165 mL acetic anhydride and was added to the conelike phial. A spin vane was placed into the phial and an air capacitor was attached. Heating: The mixture was heated at 120Â °C utilizing an aluminium block and was stirred gently. After all of the solid dissolved. it was heated for 20 extra proceedingss to guarantee the reaction was complete. Isolation of Crude Acetaminophen: The phial was removed from the heat and cooled to room temperature. The spin vane was rinsed with 2-3 beads of warm H2O over the conelike phial. The phial was cooled to room temperature so placed in an ice bath for 15 proceedingss. The liquid was decanted from the mixture and the resulting crystals were dried on filter paper. The crystals were so placed on a ticker glass for farther drying. The crystals were weighed and a little sample was placed into a capillary tubing for runing point finding. Crystallization of Acetaminophen: The merchandise was placed in a Craig tubing and several beads of hot ( 100Â °C ) dissolver ( 50 % H2O. 50 % methyl alcohol. by volume ) was added and heated until all of the crystals dissolved. The Craig tubing was plugged and set in an Erlenmeyer flask to chill. Crystallization was induced one time the mixture was at room temperature by rubing the inner wall of the tubing. It was so placed into an ice bath for 10 proceedingss until crystallisation was complete. The tubing was so centrifuged for 3 proceedingss to take the liquid. The crystals were collected on a ticker glass and allowed to air dry. The resulting crystals ( o. o82g ) were pale brown in colour. Melting points were taken for both the petroleum ( 165. 9 – 179. 9Â °C ) and the pure ( 168. 2 – 171. 5Â °C ) Datril. Consequences and Calculations .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 , .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 .postImageUrl , .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 , .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869:hover , .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869:visited , .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869:active { border:0!important; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869:active , .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869 .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufd3b97cb3faabebf009444da4f43d869:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: I'm a Digital Dependant EssayGram molecules p-aminophenol:0. 150 g x ( 1 mol ) / ( 109. 1 g ) = 0. 00137 mol Gram molecules of acetic anhydride:0. 165 milliliter x ( 1. 08 g ) / ( 1 milliliter ) ten ( 1 mol ) / ( 102. 1 g ) =0. 00174 mol Theoretical Output:0. 00137 mol x ( 151. 2 g ) / ( 1 mol ) =0. 207 g Percent output of petroleum Datril:Crude crystal weight = 0. 089 g( 0. 089 g ) / ( 0. 207 g ) x 100 % =46. 48 % Percent output of pure Datril:Pure Datril weight = 0. 082 g( 0. 082 g ) / ( 0. 207 g ) x 100 % =39. 61 % Literature value of acetaminophen runing point = 169. 5 – 171. 0Â °C Crude Datril runing point = 165. 9 – 170. 9Â °CRecrystallized acetaminophen runing point = 168. 2 – 171. 5Â °C Discussion and DecisionsCrude Datril was successfully synthesized. organizing light brown crystals. All of the solid was allowed to fade out. and the mixture was adequately heated. The crystals were allowed plentifulness of clip to to the full chill. A percent output of 46. 48 % was achieved. with a sum of 0. 089 g being formed. Recrystallization was done on the rough merchandise. ensuing one time once more in light brown crystals. All of the solid was dissolved in the hot dissolver. and crystallisation occurred one time induced by rubing the interior of the tubing. The crystals were decently cooled. and a percent output of 39. 61 % was achieved ( 0. 082 g were formed ) . The runing point of the petroleum Datril ( 165. 9 – 170. 9Â °C ) was lower and broader than that of the recrystallized Datril ( 168. 2 – 171. 5Â °C ) . demoing that ab initio there were drosss present. The recrystallized Datril runing point was really near to the literature value ( 169Â °C ) . bespeaking that the concluding merchandise was quite pure. The low per centum outputs of both the petroleum merchandise and the recrystallized merchandise could hold been caused by several factors. Some of both merchandises could hold been lost when transferred to the ticker glass to be weighed. The hot home base that the reactions occurred on was besides really unstable. and the temperature fluctuated throughout the reaction. This may hold effected how much merchandise was formed. as more side merchandises would hold resulted from a higher temperature. The petroleum crystals were besides non allowed adequate clip to adequately dry before recrystallization occurred. Had they been allowed more clip to dry. the percent output of pure Datril may hold increased. Overall. nevertheless. the experiment was successful. as pure Datril was synthesized. The runing point of the merchandise confirmed the high degree of pureness. and the difference between the petroleum and recrystallized merchandises could be easy observed.

Cross the Swamp Essay Sample Essays

Cross the Swamp Essay Sample EssaysIf you are having difficulty writing a cross the swamp essay, here are a few sample essays that you can use. Most of these should prove very useful for you and your student's education.The first is a short, simple, and practical essay, written in the first person that includes two little known tropes that have become quite popular with students, like 'Thelonious Monk and Winston Churchill.' You can even go so far as to use this to give a history of Vietnam, because the author could include the names of the war heroes on the cover of the book. The purpose of the assignment would be to compare different periods of time, political factors, or certain personalities.A second good plan would be to use the prose to teach the student about the writing processes. A lot of students find it hard to determine where to begin in an essay, and they think that they have to start writing from the beginning. Here, you could really start a cross the swamp essay by int roducing some basic terminology and then use them throughout the essay. For example, beginning with 'In July of 1975, in Pennsylvania,' and ending with 'The author has been receiving phone calls from a number that is not listed on the telephone bill.'Also, there are some interesting cross the swamp examples that might fit into your course. For example, you might look at the United States Vietnam War, and then look at the Vietnam War from a civilian perspective. This would work if your class is teaching about American democracy and how America has failed in its mission to stop the war, and if you were teaching sociology and history or even psychology.One of the best features of the swamp samples is that they are often very brief and very simple. They do not include much reading, and they tend to be a few lines long. They can also help you develop your own writing style.If you want to write a new cross the swamp essay, there are also several sites that offer sample essay that you can choose from. These can prove very helpful. There are many websites that offer simple, original, and straight forward information, or there are also some that make a point of educating the student in a very creative way.One thing to keep in mind is that there are quite a few of these cross the swamp essay samples that include a personal touch. So, you may want to spend some time to think about which ones you will be using. You may want to pick one up and learn more about it, or you may just want to start using it immediately.

The Influences of Scientific Management on Organization †Mgmt Essay

The Influences of Scientific Management on Organization – Mgmt Essay Free Online Research Papers The Influences of Scientific Management on Organization Mgmt Essay Taylor, who firstly brought up a new topic, Scientific Management, which is considered the strongest and only economical motive by both workman and entrepreneur in the early 20th centuries. It includes three parts: a) the study of time and action; b) the management on assignment; c) the theory of organization. (8)Taylor’s theory created a revolution in the subject of management because it was the first scientific method in field of management science. (1)After that, management became a truly scientific knowledge and it expanded and modified by later generations. Therefore, Taylor is â€Å"known as the father of scientific management†. (2) Taylor put forward a perspective which was â€Å"study the character, the nature and the performance of each workman† and moreover, to â€Å"train and help and teach this workman†. (3) In the following paragraphs, will exploring the relevant and irrelevant hypotaxis between Scientific Management and organizations. Scientific Management also has a relationship with today’s environment because it has two advantages. Firstly, compare to the past, management is getting more scientific. How to improve production efficiency is the starting point of Scientific Management, and also is the final destination. It aims to unearth and cultivate workmen’s endowment, let them have the best performance in their work to obtain the highest efficiency farthest. Taylor said that the enormous increasing in production efficiency was the evident distinction to differentiate which a nation was civilized one or not. Moreover, it is the huge progressive emblem of human’s community. To change the production efficiency, he focused on management and labor. It based on â€Å"co-operation between the management and workers† (4) close together. The most quick and effective way is to import scientific analyses and knowledge into management practice, using scientific method instead of experienced wa y in various categories of work. â€Å"Bring everyone’s production efficiency into full play to accomplish maximum profit.†(5)For example, nowadays in the situation of teem of two workers in the factories, the fact is clearly identical. To understand that a worker and his helper, their workmanship become a extraordinary skill .The worker and his helper can produce two TV sets in one day, meanwhile, their competitor and helper can only produce one. After selling, the worker and helper can earn more money; the management can make more profits. In the same way, two competitive companies, different areas in a country, even between two nations, they will have the same situation while they in the same competitive market. In any case, maximum profit can only be occurred when the production efficiency is maximized. And Scientific Management is a better medium to increase production efficiency (6). Secondly; it created a revolution in the inner world of labor and management. The change in the mental world is absolutely necessary if management try to control more efficacious. â€Å"Scientific Managements routine characteristic is in harmony, but not in discord.†(7) The most important point in each element of Scientific Management is the labor and capital closely co-operated; peaceful coexistence, but not struggle; show love and respect instead of quarrel and conflict; take a identical target instead of proceed in opposite directions; to understand and trust each other instead of to be envious; let the labor and capital become friends instead of opponents. (8) These are the essence of Scientific Management. â€Å"To co-operated, but not to be individualism.†(7) Taylor placed emphasis on the capital need to respect, show consideration and feel sorry for labor; eliminate the uneasy factors in a work conditions; make workers feel happy during working hours. He believed that management and worker can be co-operated because of they could agree with each other for making profit. Higher wages is the only target of labor. Capital wants to seek out the way to achieve minimum capitalized cost. Taylor deemed that if capital and labor can agree with him, and makes the mental revolution happen afterwards, thus they can sign the productivity agreement and then pay more attention on how to increase the surplus rather than argue about the distribution of surplus make, until the surplus make is big enough. Anyway, it is the first time to treat a worker like a human being, but not a tool as machine does; the first time to pay close attention to human factor’s effect in the business management. Those opinions he had pointed out, take a big step in the history of management idea.(8) In this day and age, one Japanese company which called Panasonic has followed what Taylor said, the boss always thinks about the inferiors, listens to what they claim about. Th e head tells everybody in the company that Panasonic belongs to everybody and he gives workers about 10% shares in the stock market. All employees in the company have strong sense of responsibility. So Panasonic become one of the most famous companies on the world. In China everyone knows one adage, â€Å"A gentleman is ready to die for his bosom friends†. They have analogous meaning. Capital cares labor, thus labor would â€Å"fight† for them. â€Å"Taylor was not really concerned with other organizational or management issues. His focus was on efficiency.†(9) Consequently, for aim to improve the production efficiency, he suggested that people had to follow what his method said. However, workers might not be adopting Taylors method. (10) Although the time for products is decreasing, whereas products reiterate again and again. Taylor’s method was â€Å"characterized as the machine model of organization†. (9) His opinions caused a conspicuous influence on the business organization and how workers were took over. However, unfortunately, labor dislikes this way. Labors are humans, not machines. They can not do the things like machines do. They have feelings, they can not over working and concentrate for long periods, and otherwise, they will feel deep pressure and decrease the working efficiency. In this case, some workers will slack in work, no matter how much the wages are. (If wages are too low, they will leave the factory or company). Several times later, others who originally work reall y hard will be affected by those people, such an example like termites, a big house maybe destroyed by merely a small brood of termites. Therefore, others will follow those â€Å"termites†, because they might think that if everybody has the same salary, why should they keep doing hard at work? It is unfair. At last, a vicious circle created. Theses firms will decreasing productive and might be exit the market. The ultimate purpose of Taylor’s method is aim to improve economical benefits. If a firm in the market can not produce the economical benefits, it will be supplanted by others in the market, and not only of this, a firm which can not make economical benefits also waste of social resource, commit a crime. (8) However, Taylor omitted the social benefit. It will make firms resort to dubious shift to further their interests, ignore the long-term benefits, offend against the law, ruin social benefits, and lose market or even make the social economic shaky and unstable. For example, one famous magazine has discussed and elected top 500 businesses in the world in 1950s.After 40 years, half of them disappeared. The basic reason is that they only seek about the economical benefits. However, Panasonic has done quite well. It combined the economical benefits and social benefits. This is the reason that why Panasonic undefeated. (8) Although Taylor’s Scientific Management brought out many scientific points, he leaved one important thing out of consideration. That was what people called humanism. (8)What he researches is still the technological innovation inside the work. Nowadays people can only consider it to be an excellence theory in workshop management. Because in the capitalist society which based on private ownership of productions, capital is wanted as primitive accumulation and surplus wealth is shortage, capital and labor can not agree with the radical benefits. Capital purses infinity surplus value, so they would not authentic care or feels sorry to labor. Thus, what Taylor’s method tried to harmonize class contradictions between the capital and labor, unite them as a unity that share the mutually beneficial, however, it will only be treated as a beautiful fantasy. (8) To sum up, Scientific Management attaches importance to technology and individual work efficiency too much, omits many limitations such as the whole function of business. However, because of Taylor, production efficiency has improved, products become more and more plentiful. Nowadays people can have a rich and colorful life like a king in the past. (8) â€Å"Much of core of Scientific Management remains with us today, only been modified, updated and given a human face.†(9) References: Samson, D. Draft, R. L. (Pacific Rim Edition) Management. Australia: Thomson Learning.(page 51-52) Patricia H. W. R. Edward Freeman. (1995) Business ethics. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Management, vol.11, (page 622). Taylor, F. W. (1947) Scientific Management. New York: Harper.(page 47) Nigel Slack. (1995).Operation Management. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Management, vol. 10, (page 186-187). Taylor’s theory of Scientific Management .Retrieved August 13th,2005,available from 365hr.com.cn/qyzx/20sjqygl/llp/llp_2.htm Basic theory of Scientific Management. Retrieved August 13th,2005,available from manage9.com/type.asp?news_id=87 The best way in management. Retrieved August 14th,2005,available from manage9.com/type.asp?news_id=88 The particular points in Scientific Management. Retrieved August 14, 2005,available from lwzx.net/lunwen/4925.htm People Whose Ideas Influence Organizational Work. Retrieved August 14th ,2005,available from onepine.info/ptaylor.htm Patricia Ryaby Backer. (1998).Scientific Management. Retrieved August 14th, 2005, available from engr.sjsu.edu/pabacker/scientific_mgt.htm Research Papers on The Influences of Scientific Management on Organization - Mgmt EssayThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfTwilight of the UAWGenetic EngineeringMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

The Jungle Questions for Study and Discussion

The Jungle Questions for Study and Discussion The Jungle is one of the greatest (and most controversial) works by   Upton Sinclair.. Dedicated to the Workingmen of America, the novel detailed the unhealthy conditions of the meatpacking industry and eventually led President Theodore Roosevelt to pursue  new federal legislations.   Here are a few questions for study and discussion to think about before and after reading this work. What is important about the title: The Jungle?What are the conflicts in The Jungle? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) did you notice in this novel?How does Upton Sinclair reveal character in The Jungle?What are some themes in the novel? How do they relate to the plot and characters?What are some symbols in The Jungle? How do they relate to the plot and characters?Is Jurgis Rudkus consistent in her actions? Is he a fully developed character? How? Why?Do you find the characters likable? Are the characters persons you would want to meet?Does the novel end the way you expected? How? Why?What is the central/primary purpose of the novel? Is the purpose important or meaningful?Why is the novel usually considered a work of protest literature?How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else?What is the role of women in the text? How are mothers represented? What about single/independent women?Would you recommend this novel  to a friend?

Counterfeiting and Pricing in China and UK Dissertation

Counterfeiting and Pricing in China and UK - Dissertation Example 2.5 Consumer Behavior: 12 2.5.1 Psychological Influences: 12 2.5.2 Personality: 13 2.5.3 The important of uniqueness in genuine market: 13 2.5.4 Gender and Self-image: 14 2.5.5 Attitudes towards fake and genuine products: 14 2.6 Conceptual Framework: 15 2.7 Conclusion: 15 Chapter-3: Research Methodology 16 3.1 Introduction: 16 3.2 Research Value: 16 3.3 Research Methods: 16 3.4 Sampling Methods: 17 3.5 Ethics: 17 3.6 Analysis – limitations: 17 Chapter 4- Findings: 18 4.1 Introduction: 18 4.2 Findings: Primary Research 18 Research Question 1 18 Research Question 2 19 Research Question 3 21 Chapter 5- Discussion and Conclusions: 23 5.1 Introduction: 23 5.2 Overall Summary: 23 5.2.1 Conceptual Framework: 24 5.3 Recommendations for Future Work 24 5.5 Recommendations for Luxury Brands/Shops: 25 List of References 26 Appendix: Survey Questionnaire 29 Chapter 1- Introduction: 1.1 Chapter Summary: This chapter gives introduction of the research conducted for counterfeit products in Ch ina and UK. Background of this research is given in this chapter including the research questions that will be discussed in this research. Research aim and presentation is also given in this chapter for the better understanding of the research. 1.2 Background: The form of consumer fraud is product counterfeiting in which product is sold claiming to be a product that it is not. This is different from violation of copyright as it is based on organized group of activity so that maximum profit is achieved (UNODC 2010). The lack of regulatory capacity makes manufacturing of unauthorized products possible and products that are high in demand made on similar design and branded in a way that make them distinguished from original product. The counterfeit products sell in the parallel markets or... This essay discusses that the form of consumer fraud is product counterfeiting in which product is sold claiming to be a product that it is not. This is different from violation of copyright as it is based on organized group of activity so that maximum profit is achieved. The lack of regulatory capacity makes manufacturing of unauthorized products possible and products that are high in demand made on similar design and branded in a way that make them distinguished from original product. The counterfeit products sell in the parallel markets or introduced in authorized supply chain. These products make extreme profits because of no overheads of licit products and this is the reason that these products are very price competitive. Because of this competitive edge, counterfeit products are common than original products in some part of the world. Counterfeit products in UK causing lower profits, lost sales, and brand trust affect legitimate businesses. The government of UK is also affected because it sees lower tax revenues and high spending on health services, welfare, and prevention of crime. The companies in UK are cutting jobs and reducing their investment leading lower economic growth due to counterfeiting. This study is conducted to determine factors affecting buying behavior of consumer when buying counterfeit products and luxury brands. The study also examines the effect of counterfeiting and piracy on the people living in UK.

What is the difference between dumping and subsidies And what is to be Assignment

What is the difference between dumping and subsidies And what is to be established in every subsidy and dumping investigation - Assignment Example Some of the common subsidies may include loans at low interest rates, grants, and tax incentives. The amount of goods that have been subsidized may be offset through applying the countervailing duty (Giannakopoulos, 2004). In every subsidy and dumping investigation, it is to be established whether an industry has been injured or threatened with a material injury by the imported products. In addition, it must establish whether the industry has become materially retarded because of the imports that are under investigation which have been sold at lower prices than the fair value in the local market or subsidized. In case the investigations turn negative, the case is terminated. However, in case the investigations turn negative, the extent of injury is determined whether it is negligible (Bentley & Silberston, 2007). In case it’s not, a countervailing duty is issued and enforced by the custom Service. Bentley,  P., & Silberston,  A. (2007). Anti-dumping and countervailing action: Limits imposed by economic and legal theory. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=G9hj0R3iqqMC&pg=PA2&dq=Anti-dumping+and+countervailing+action:+Limits+imposed+by+economic+and+legal+theory&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2fJvVeD8EOiX7QbKyYPoAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Anti-dumping%20and%20countervailing%20action%3A%20Limits%20imposed%20by%20economic%20and%20legal%20theory&f=false Giannakopoulos,  T.  K. (2004). Safeguarding companies rights in competition and anti-dumping/anti-subsidies proceedings. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Retrieved from

Child abuse/child protection and welfare: Client needs

Child abuse/child protection and welfare: Client needs Child abuse/child protection and welfare: The client needs and the role of the social care practitioner in responding to those needs. Many countries in the developed world, including Ireland, have seen a significant shift in attitudes to what constitutes as child abuse. Society has become more knowledgeable about different types of child abuse and about the impact the abuse can have on the child throughout their lives. The child’s needs and the role of the social care practitioner will be the main focus of the essay. The essay will discuss the needs of a child who has suffered abuse and propose an intervention to address the importance of care for the child and education for the carer. The role of the Social care practitioner in relation to child abuse will also be a central part of this discussion. Types of child abuse include emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse and sexual abuse. However, this essay will focus mainly on emotional and physical abuse. Suggestions on interventions will be put forth as the different types of child abuse are being discussed. Relevant policies and guidelines will be discusse d in regards to how these policies have helped children by giving them rights whilst also giving them hope for a better future. Child abuse can be defined as ‘any act of commission or omission which deprives children of equal rights and liberties and/ or interferes with their optimal development’ Gil 1975 (cited in Daniel and Ivatts 1998, p.196). The above definition accords with the spirit of Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on the rights of the child which states that it is the duty of the state to safeguard children from all types of abuse and neglect, to give ‘support to those who have been abused and to investigate instances of abuse’(Children’s Rights Alliance 2013). However, it can be difficult to give a precise or exact definition of child abuse because there are many different types of child abuse. Some types, such as physical abuse can be much more noticeable but may not have the same impact on the child as emotional abuse. Bensley et al (2004) argues that if a parent calls their child stupid and belittles them on a regular basis, the child will start perc eiving these comments to be true, and will carry them into their teens and adulthood. Children’s First, the national guidance that promotes the protection of children from abuse and neglect, describe emotional abuse as generally to be established in the ‘relationship between a parent or guardian and a child rather than in a specific event or pattern of events’. It arises when a child’s need for love, support, stability and security are not met (Children’s First 2011 p.8) Social care practitioners work closely with the child, their family and other professionals to ensure the child’s needs are being met. Social care practitioners should possess a wide range of personal and professional attributes. A health or social care profession is any profession in which a person exercises skill or judgment relating to the preservation or improvement of the health or wellbeing of others, the diagnosis, treatment or care of those who are injured, sick, disabled or infirm, the resolution, through guidance, counselling or otherwise, of personal, social or psychological problems. (Health and Social Care Act 2005, p.09) Professional attributes of a social care practitioner should include a comprehensive awareness of the social care field, to be able to work on their own initiative, and as part of a team, research skills and problem solving. On a personal level, social care practitioners should be open-minded, reliable, trustworthy, and empathetic and compassionate (Lalor and Share, 2013). Social care practitioners might find it more difficult to recognise and substantiate emotional neglect or abuse as there are no physical injuries or abrasions (Nauert 2014). Evaluation of what is occurring to a child ‘requires that each aspect of a child’s developmental progress is examined, in the context of the child’s age and stage of development’ (Department of Health 2000, p.18). By doing an assessment wheel or triangle with the child, the practitioner will get a good sense of the child, which involves more than just factual data (Buckley et al 2006 p. 40). The assessment process is designed by way of three concurrent activities and five steps. The three concurrent activities are Engaging, Safeguarding and collaborating and the five steps are Responding, Protecting, Devising, Gathering Reflecting and Sharing/analysing/planning. The child is at the spiral in the middle. See Appendix A for diagram of The Assessment Wheel and Triangle. The aim is to deli ver a consistent and organised way of collecting, recording, studying and figuring out the information required to inform ‘effective and appropriate levels of child protection and welfare interventions’ (Buckley et al 2006 p.10). Such as with Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory 1969. The theory states that that we come across diverse environments during our life that can affect our behaviour in various ways. The different environments include the ‘micro system, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macro system, and the chronosystem’ (Mae Sincero 2012). Yet, child abuse can be hidden from professionals and the outside world for many years before the child in need is discovered. One of the most famous cases of severe and wilful neglect is the case of Genie Wiley. For the first thirteen years of her life, Genie was kept locked in a small room, naked and quite often tied to a potty. Her family rarely spoke to her and the times that her father did communicate with her it was through barking and growling (Rymer 1994 p.46). She was discovered by a nurse when her mother brought her to the doctors at age thirteen. The nurse believed her to be no more than seven years old. Rymer (1994) stated that extreme neglect and physical abuse had prevented Genie from developing cognitively and physically. See appendix B for the indicators of neglect from the Tusla’s practice handbook. One of the roles of the social care practitioner in cases of child emotional abuse or neglect is to be vigilant and look out for signs as noted in appendix B and to contact the necessary authorities. The main emphasis and concern of any enquiry into the emotional abuse or neglect of a chil d is the child (Platt and Shemmings 1997). Under the Child Care Act 1991, the HSE has certain statutory obligations for the protection and welfare of children such as taking the appropriate action to promote the welfare of the child (Children’s First 2011 p.19). When carers show kindness, love and affection in meeting the child’s needs, they support the child to develop into a ‘stable, caring, healthy and independent’ adult (LaMeaux 2014). As with neglect and emotional abuse of a child, physical abuse can have a detrimental effect on a child. Physical abuse can be described as someone intentionally injuring or hurting a child and it can cover an assortment of negative behaviours such as smacking, shaking, repeatedly hitting, burning, cutting and the suffocation of a child (Beaver et al 1999, p. 207). Citizens Information (2014) describe physical abuse as any injury inflicted on a child due to the ‘deliberate failure of the child’s carer to protect the child’. Over the years, many Irish people have heard and read the harrowing stories and reports on the physical abuse perpetrated on countless children at the hands of their â€Å"so called† carers in Irish industrial schools. One of the major reports is the Ryan Report. The Ryan Report (2009) is an inquiry into the abuse in which children in the industrial schools in Ireland suffered while under state supervision. The litany of terrible wrongs inflicted on our children, who were placed by the State in residential institutions run by religious orders, was collated by the Commission and presented for Ireland and the world to read. The healing process involves listening to, understanding and consulting with survivors on how the wrongs of the past can be addressed and how their needs can be catered for into the future. (Report of the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse, 2009 p.9) The Ryan report, brought light to the severe physical, emotional and sexual abuse of many children. Following the report, the state was pressured to draw up a plan with the articulated aim of replying to all of the 20 separate recommendations, outlined in the Ryan Report, which were grouped into six categories. This plan also brought about the implementation of the Children’s First guidelines (Ryan 2009) (See Appendix C for the full 20 recommendations and six categories). In light of these recommendations, policies and procedures such as garda vetting and reviews into serious incidences have been implemented. However, it is not just industrial schools and services that have caused major concern, for social care practitioners regarding child abuse. Child abuse can happen in any part of society and, rich, poor or whatever the family circumstance, any child may be subjected to the awfulness of child abuse (Childline 2015). This can have a detrimental effect on the child throughout their lifespan if not dealt with or handled appropriately. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory shows that if one’s physiological needs such as food, shelter and clothing are not being met they cannot reach their safety needs such health and family security or reach a sense of belongingness (Gawel 1997). See Appendix D for Maslow’s hierarchy of needs triangle. According to Maslow (1970 p.38) a person’s most important need is the lowermost unmet need in the pyramid. The assessment triangle analyses the child’s condition and state of affairs and gives the social care practitioner a good and informed plan of action to safeguard the best outcome for the child (Department of Health 2000). To conclude, as mentioned above, the impact of neglect, emotional abuse and physical abuse can have a harmful and damaging effect on a child. The aim of the essay was to outline the client needs and the role of the social care practitioner in responding to these needs in cases of child abuse. â€Å"Childhood should be carefree, playing in the sun; not living a nightmare in the darkness of the soul† (Pelzer 1995 p.98). Children need love, support and affection to grow to be confident and happy adults. In an ideal world, all parents and caregivers would give this love and support to the child in order for the child to grow contently. However, in reality many children face unwarranted hardships on a daily basis, through no fault of their own. It is our role as social care practitioners to help and support these children who need help, so they can be assured a deserved brighter future. REFERENCE LIST Nauert, R. (2014). For Kids, Mental Abuse Can Be Worse than Sexual, Physical Abuse. Psych Central. Retrieved on February 16, 2015, from http://psychcentral.com/news/2014/10/09/for-kids-mental-abuse-can-be-worse-than-sexual-physical-abuse/75945.html [accessed 16 Feb. 15] Daniel, P. and Ivatts, J. (1998) Children and Social Policy, London: Palgrave Children’s First (2011) National Guidance for the protection and welfare of children [online] available: http://www.dcya.gov.ie/documents/Publications/ChildrenFirst.pdf [accessed 16 Feb. 15] Rymer, R. (1994) Genie: A scientific tragedy, New York: Harper Collins Health Service Executive 2011) Child protection and welfare Practice handbook, pp19-21, [Online] available: http://www.tusla.ie/uploads/content/CF_WelfarePracticehandbook.pdf [accessed 17 Feb. 15] LaMeaux, E.C. (2014) ‘5 Needs your child must have met at home’, Gaiam Life: Your Guide to Better Living. [Online] available: http://life.gaiam.com/article/5-needs-your-child-must-have-met-home [accessed 17 Feb. 15] Beaver, M., Brewster, J., Jones, P., Keene, A., Neaums, S. and Tallack J. (1999) Babies and Young Children: Early years care and education, Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes Citizens Information (2014) Child Abuse: What is child abuse? [Online] available: http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/birth_family_relationships/services_and_supports_for_children/child_abuse.html [accessed 18 Feb. 15] Report of the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (2009) Implementation Plan, Dublin: The Stationary Office Mae Sincero, S. (2012). Ecological Systems Theory.(Mar 14) Retrieved Feb 19, 2015 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/ecological-systems-theory Maslow, A. (1970) Motivation and Personality, (2nd ed), New York: Harper and Row Children’s Rights Alliance (2013) Uniting Voices for Children: Summary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child [Online] available: http://www.childrensrights.ie/sites/default/files/information_sheets/files/SummaryUNCRC.pdf [accessed 19 Feb. 15] Department of Health (2000) ‘Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families’ , Department for Education and Employment Home Office, London: The Stationary Office Bensley, L., Ruggles, D., Simmons, K.W., Harris, C., Williams, K., Putvin, T., Allen, M. (2004) ‘General population norms about child abuse and neglect and associations with childhood experiences’,Child Abuse Neglect, 28(12), 1321–1337. Health and Social Care Professionals Act 2005, No. 27/2005, s.3, Dublin: Stationary Office Childline (2015) Physical Abuse | Abuse and Safety | Explore [online], available: http://www.childline.org.uk/Explore/AbuseSafety/Pages/Physical.aspx [accessed 24 Mar 2015]. Gawel, J. (1997) Herzbergs Theory of Motivation and Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, [Online] available: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED421486.pdf [accessed 24 Mar. 15] Van Devall, T. (2013) ‘Printable Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Chart / Maslows Pyramid Diagram’, available: http://timvandevall.com/printable-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-chart/ [accessed 25 Mar 2015]. APPENDIX A The Assessment Wheel: The Assessment Triangle: APPENDIX B Indicators of Neglect Tusla (2011) Indicators of neglect are likely to be visible in the appearance or behaviour of the child. Individuals/agencies concerned should consider making a referral to the HSE Children and Family Services if they notice that a child: †¢ Wears soiled clothing or clothing that is significantly too small or large, or is often in need of repair; †¢ Seems inadequately dressed for the weather; †¢ Always seems to be hungry, hoards, steals or begs for food, comes to school with little or no food; †¢ Often appears listless and tired, with little energy; †¢ Frequently reports caring for younger siblings; †¢ Demonstrates poor hygiene, smells of urine or faeces, has dirty or decaying teeth; †¢ Seems emaciated or has a distended stomach (indicative of malnutrition); †¢ Has unattended medical or dental problems, such as infected sores; †¢Displaying apathy, unresponsive to affection; †¢ States that there is no one at home to provide care; †¢ Presents with frequent accidents and/or minor injuries †¢ Growth not within the expected range †¢ Signs of developmental delays, poor attention/concentration, lack of self-confidence/poor self-esteem, low academic achievement (including erratic or non-school attendance); †¢ Behavioural signs, e.g. overactive, aggressive, poor coping skills, impulsive behaviour, indiscriminate friendliness, withdrawn, poor social skills development, bed-wetting, soiling or destructive behaviours, substance misuse, running away, sexual promiscuity, self-harm, offending behaviours. APPENDIX C The Commission’s 20 Recommendations †¢Commission’s Recommendation 1: A memorial should be erected †¢Commission’s Recommendation 2: The lessons of the past should be learned. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 3: Counselling and educational services should be available. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 4: Family tracing services should be continued. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 5: Child care policy should be child-centred. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 6: National child care policy should be clearly articulated and reviewed on a regular basis. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 7: A method of evaluating the extent to which services meet the aims and objectives of the national child care policy should be devised. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 8: The provision of child care services should be reviewed on a regular basis. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 9: It is important that rules and regulations be enforced, breaches be reported and sanctions applied. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 10: A culture of respecting and implementing rules and regulations and of observing codes of conduct should be developed. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 11: Independent inspections are essential. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 12: Management at all levels should be accountable for the quality of services and care. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 13: Children in care should be able to communicate concerns without fear. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 14: Child care services depend on good communication. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 15: Children in care need a consistent care figure. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 16: Children who have been in State care should have access to support services. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 17: Children who have been in child care facilities are in a good position to identify failings and deficiencies in the system, and should be consulted. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 18: Children in care should not, save in exceptional circumstances, be cut off from their families. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 19: The full personal records of children in care must be maintained †¢Commission’s Recommendation 20: Children First: National Guidelines for the Protection and Welfare of Children should be uniformly and consistently implemented throughout the State in dealing with allegations of abuse. In examining the Commission’s 20 recommendations, it was decided to group them into six categories. 1.Addressing the effects of past abuse; 2. National child care policy and evaluation of its implementation; 3. Regulation and inspection; 4. Management of children’s services; 5. Voice of the child; 6. Children First, the national guidelines for the protection and welfare of children. (Ryan Report 2009) APPENDIX D Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Tim’s Printables 2013) 1